Order by phone 1-866-808-5635 (M-F 10am - 4pm CST) Help/FAQs / LawRewards / Gift Certificates / Buyback Program
-
Attorney
-
A-B
- A
- Accounting & Finance
- Administrative Law
- Admiralty Law
- Age & Gender Law
- Agency & Partnership Law
- Agricultural Law
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Animal Law
- Antitrust Law
- Appellate Advocacy
- Arbitration Law
- Art Law
- Audio Items
- Aviation & Space Law
- B
- Banking Law
- Bankruptcy Law
- Bar Exam Preparation
- Biotech Law
- Business Associations & Organizations
- Business Law
-
C-D
- C
- Civil Law
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
- Debtor-Creditor Law
- Defamation Law
- Disability Law
- Discrimination Law
- Divorce Law
- Domestic Relations Law
- Download Items
- Drug Law
-
E-F
- E
- Economics & Law
- Education Law
- Elder Law
- Election Law
- Employee Benefits & ERISA Law
- Employment Law
- Energy Law
- Entertainment Law
- Environmental Law
- Estate & Gift Tax Law
- Estates Law
- Evidence Law
- F
- Family Law
- Federal Courts & Jurisdiction
- Federal Income Tax Law
- Finance Law
- First Amendment Law
- First Year Law School Guides
- Flashcard Items
- Franchise Law
- Future Interests
-
G-J
- G
- Gambling Law
- General Legal Non-Fiction
- General Legal Reference
- Governmental Law
- Gun Law
- H
- Health & Health Care Law
- History & Law
- Housing Law
- Human Rights Law
- I
- Immigration Law
- Injunctions
- Insurance Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- International Business Transactions
- International Law
- Internet Law & Cyber Law
- J
- Jurisprudence
- Jury
- Juvenile Law
-
L-M
- L
- Labor Law
- Land Use Law
- Landlord & Tenant Law
- Law School Exam Guides
- Lawyering Skills
- Legal Career Guides
- Legal Dictionaries
- Legal Ethics
- Legal Malpractice
- Legal Philosophy
- Legal Practice Management
- Legal Research
- Legal Writing
- Legislation Law
- Litigation Law
- LSAT Exam Preparation
- M
- Maritime Law
- Mass Media Law
- Mediation Law
- Medical Liability Law
- Mergers & Acquisitions
- Military & Nat'l Security Law
- MPRE Exam Preparation
- Municipal Law
- Music Law
-
N-P
- N
- Native American Law
- Natural Resources Law
- Negotiable Instrument Law
- Non-Profit Organization Law
- O
- Oil & Gas Law
- P
- Partnerships & LLCs
- Paralegal Titles
- Patent Law
- Payment Systems Law
- Penal Law
- Personal Injury Law
- Pre-Law School Preparation
- Pre-Trial
- Privacy Law
- Probate Law
- Products Liability Law
- Professional Responsibility
- Property Law
-
R-Z
- R
- Real Estate Law
- Regulatory Law
- Religion & Law
- Remedies Law
- S
- Sales & Leases of Goods
- Secured Transactions
- Securities Regulation
- Sexual Orientation Law
- Software Items
- Sports Law
- T
- Transportation Law
- Tax Law
- Technology Law
- Tort Law
- Toxic Tort Law
- Trade Law
- Trademark Law
- Travel Law
- Trial Advocacy
- Trusts
- Trusts Law
- U
- U.C.C.
- W
- White Collar Crime
- Wills
- Z
- Zoning Law
-
A-B
-
Do-It-Yourself Law
-
A-B
- A
- Accounting & Finance
- Administrative Law
- Admiralty Law
- Age & Gender Law
- Agency & Partnership Law
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Animal Law
- Antitrust Law
- Appellate Advocacy
- Arbitration Law
- Art Law
- Audio Items
- Aviation Law
- B
- Banking Law
- Bankruptcy Law
- Bar Exam Preparation
- Biotech Law
- Business Associations & Organizations
- Business Law
-
C-D
- C
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
- Debtor-Creditor Law
- Disability Law
- Discrimination Law
- Divorce Law
- Domestic Relations Law
- Download Items
-
E-F
- E
- Economics & Law
- Education Law
- Elder Law
- Employee Benefits & ERISA Law
- Employment Law
- Energy Law
- Entertainment Law
- Environmental Law
- Estate & Gift Tax Law
- Estates Law
- Evidence Law
- F
- Family Law
- Federal Courts & Jurisdiction
- Federal Income Tax Law
- Finance Law
- First Amendment Law
- First Year Law School Guides
- Flashcard Items
- Franchise Law
- Future Interests
-
G-J
- G
- Gambling Law
- General Legal Non-Fiction
- General Legal Reference
- Governmental Law
- H
- Health & Health Care Law
- History & Law
- Human Rights Law
- I
- Immigration Law
- Injunctions
- Insurance Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- International Business Transactions
- International Law
- Internet Law & Cyber Law
- J
- Jurisprudence
- Juvenile Law
-
L-M
- L
- Labor Law
- Land Use Law
- Landlord & Tenant Law
- Law School Exam Guides
- Lawyering Skills
- Legal Career Guides
- Legal Dictionaries
- Legal Ethics
- Legal Philosophy
- Legal Practice Management
- Legal Research
- Legal Writing
- Legislation Law
- Litigation Law
- LSAT Exam Preparation
- M
- Maritime Law
- Mass Media Law
- Mediation Law
- Medical Liability Law
- Mergers & Acquisitions
- Military & Nat'l Security Law
- MPRE Exam Preparation
- Municipal Law
- Music Law
-
N-P
- N
- Native American Law
- Natural Resources Law
- Negotiable Instrument Law
- Non-Profit Organization Law
- O
- Oil & Gas Law
- P
- Partnerships & LLCs
- Patent Law
- Payment Systems Law
- Penal Law
- Personal Injury Law
- Pre-Law School Preparation
- Pre-Trial
- Privacy Law
- Probate Law
- Products Liability Law
- Professional Responsibility
- Property Law
-
R-Z
- R
- Real Estate Law
- Religion & Law
- Remedies Law
- S
- Sales & Leases of Goods
- Secured Transactions
- Securities Regulation
- Sexual Orientation Law
- Software Items
- Sports Law
- T
- Tax Law
- Technology Law
- Tort Law
- Toxic Tort Law
- Trade Law
- Trademark Law
- Travel Law
- Trial Advocacy
- Trusts
- Trusts Law
- U
- U.C.C.
- W
- White Collar Crime
- Wills
- Z
- Zoning Law
-
A-B
-
Law Student
-
A-B
- A
- Accounting & Finance
- Administrative Law
- Admiralty Law
- Age & Gender Law
- Agency & Partnership Law
- Agricultural Law
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Animal Law
- Antitrust Law
- Appellate Advocacy
- Arbitration Law
- Art Law
- Audio Items
- Aviation & Space Law
- B
- Banking Law
- Bankruptcy Law
- Bar Exam Preparation
- Biotech Law
- Business Associations & Organizations
- Business Law
-
C-D
- C
- Civil Law
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
- Debtor-Creditor Law
- Defamation Law
- Disability Law
- Discrimination Law
- Divorce Law
- Domestic Relations Law
- Download Items
- Drug Law
-
E-F
- E
- Economics & Law
- Education Law
- Elder Law
- Election Law
- Employee Benefits & ERISA Law
- Employment Law
- Energy Law
- Entertainment Law
- Environmental Law
- Estate & Gift Tax Law
- Estates Law
- Evidence Law
- F
- Family Law
- Federal Courts & Jurisdiction
- Federal Income Tax Law
- Finance Law
- First Amendment Law
- First Year Law School Guides
- Flashcard Items
- Franchise Law
- Future Interests
-
G-J
- G
- Gambling Law
- General Legal Non-Fiction
- General Legal Reference
- Governmental Law
- Gun Law
- H
- Health & Health Care Law
- History & Law
- Human Rights Law
- Housing Law
- I
- Immigration Law
- Injunctions
- Insurance Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- International Business Transactions
- International Law
- Internet Law & Cyber Law
- J
- Jurisprudence
- Jury
- Juvenile Law
-
L-M
- L
- Labor Law
- Land Use Law
- Landlord & Tenant Law
- Law School Exam Guides
- Lawyering Skills
- Legal Career Guides
- Legal Dictionaries
- Legal Ethics
- Legal Malpractice
- Legal Philosophy
- Legal Practice Management
- Legal Research
- Legal Writing
- Legislation Law
- Litigation Law
- LSAT Exam Preparation
- M
- Maritime Law
- Mass Media Law
- Mediation Law
- Medical Liability Law
- Mergers & Acquisitions
- Military & Nat'l Security Law
- MPRE Exam Preparation
- Municipal Law
- Music Law
-
N-P
- N
- Native American Law
- Natural Resources Law
- Negotiable Instrument Law
- Non-Profit Organization Law
- O
- Oil & Gas Law
- P
- Paralegal Titles
- Partnerships & LLCs
- Patent Law
- Payment Systems Law
- Penal Law
- Personal Injury Law
- Pre-Law School Preparation
- Pre-Trial
- Privacy Law
- Probate Law
- Products Liability Law
- Professional Responsibility
- Property Law
-
R-Z
- R
- Real Estate Law
- Regulatory Law
- Religion & Law
- Remedies Law
- S
- Sales & Leases of Goods
- Secured Transactions
- Securities Regulation
- Sexual Orientation Law
- Software Items
- Sports Law
- T
- Tax Law
- Technology Law
- Tort Law
- Toxic Tort Law
- Trade Law
- Trademark Law
- Transportation Law
- Travel Law
- Trial Advocacy
- Trusts
- Trusts Law
- U
- U.C.C.
- W
- White Collar Crime
- Wills
- Z
- Zoning Law
-
A-B
-
Paralegal
-
A-B
- A
- Accounting & Finance
- Administrative Law
- Admiralty Law
- Age & Gender Law
- Agency & Partnership Law
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Animal Law
- Antitrust Law
- Appellate Advocacy
- Arbitration Law
- Art Law
- Audio Items
- Aviation Law
- B
- Banking Law
- Bankruptcy Law
- Bar Exam Preparation
- Biotech Law
- Business Associations & Organizations
- Business Law
-
C-D
- C
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
- Debtor-Creditor Law
- Disability Law
- Discrimination Law
- Divorce Law
- Domestic Relations Law
- Download Items
-
E-F
- E
- Economics & Law
- Education Law
- Elder Law
- Employee Benefits & ERISA Law
- Employment Law
- Energy Law
- Entertainment Law
- Environmental Law
- Estate & Gift Tax Law
- Estates Law
- Evidence Law
- F
- Family Law
- Federal Courts & Jurisdiction
- Federal Income Tax Law
- Finance Law
- First Amendment Law
- First Year Law School Guides
- Flashcard Items
- Franchise Law
- Future Interests
-
G-J
- G
- Gambling Law
- General Legal Non-Fiction
- General Legal Reference
- Governmental Law
- H
- Health & Health Care Law
- History & Law
- Human Rights Law
- I
- Immigration Law
- Injunctions
- Insurance Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- International Business Transactions
- International Law
- Internet Law & Cyber Law
- J
- Jurisprudence
- Juvenile Law
-
L-M
- L
- Labor Law
- Land Use Law
- Landlord & Tenant Law
- Law School Exam Guides
- Lawyering Skills
- Legal Career Guides
- Legal Dictionaries
- Legal Ethics
- Legal Philosophy
- Legal Practice Management
- Legal Research
- Legal Writing
- Legislation Law
- Litigation Law
- LSAT Exam Preparation
- M
- Maritime Law
- Mass Media Law
- Mediation Law
- Medical Liability Law
- Mergers & Acquisitions
- Military & Nat'l Security Law
- MPRE Exam Preparation
- Municipal Law
- Music Law
-
N-P
- N
- Native American Law
- Natural Resources Law
- Negotiable Instrument Law
- Non-Profit Organization Law
- O
- Oil & Gas Law
- P
- Partnerships & LLCs
- Patent Law
- Payment Systems Law
- Penal Law
- Personal Injury Law
- Pre-Law School Preparation
- Pre-Trial
- Privacy Law
- Probate Law
- Products Liability Law
- Professional Responsibility
- Property Law
-
R-Z
- R
- Real Estate Law
- Religion & Law
- Remedies Law
- S
- Sales & Leases of Goods
- Secured Transactions
- Securities Regulation
- Sexual Orientation Law
- Software Items
- Sports Law
- T
- Tax Law
- Technology Law
- Tort Law
- Toxic Tort Law
- Trade Law
- Trademark Law
- Travel Law
- Trial Advocacy
- Trusts
- Trusts Law
- U
- U.C.C.
- W
- White Collar Crime
- Wills
- Z
- Zoning Law
-
A-B
-
Pre-Law Student
-
A-B
- A
- Accounting & Finance
- Administrative Law
- Admiralty Law
- Age & Gender Law
- Agency & Partnership Law
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Animal Law
- Antitrust Law
- Appellate Advocacy
- Arbitration Law
- Art Law
- Audio Items
- Aviation Law
- B
- Banking Law
- Bankruptcy Law
- Bar Exam Preparation
- Biotech Law
- Business Associations & Organizations
- Business Law
-
C-D
- C
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
- Debtor-Creditor Law
- Disability Law
- Discrimination Law
- Divorce Law
- Domestic Relations Law
- Download Items
-
E-F
- E
- Economics & Law
- Education Law
- Elder Law
- Employee Benefits & ERISA Law
- Employment Law
- Energy Law
- Entertainment Law
- Environmental Law
- Estate & Gift Tax Law
- Estates Law
- Evidence Law
- F
- Family Law
- Federal Courts & Jurisdiction
- Federal Income Tax Law
- Finance Law
- First Amendment Law
- First Year Law School Guides
- Flashcard Items
- Franchise Law
- Future Interests
-
G-J
- G
- Gambling Law
- General Legal Non-Fiction
- General Legal Reference
- Governmental Law
- H
- Health & Health Care Law
- History & Law
- Human Rights Law
- I
- Immigration Law
- Injunctions
- Insurance Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- International Business Transactions
- International Law
- Internet Law & Cyber Law
- J
- Jurisprudence
- Juvenile Law
-
L-M
- L
- Labor Law
- Land Use Law
- Landlord & Tenant Law
- Law School Exam Guides
- Lawyering Skills
- Legal Career Guides
- Legal Dictionaries
- Legal Ethics
- Legal Philosophy
- Legal Practice Management
- Legal Research
- Legal Writing
- Legislation Law
- Litigation Law
- LSAT Exam Preparation
- M
- Maritime Law
- Mass Media Law
- Mediation Law
- Medical Liability Law
- Mergers & Acquisitions
- Military & Nat'l Security Law
- MPRE Exam Preparation
- Municipal Law
- Music Law
-
N-P
- N
- Native American Law
- Natural Resources Law
- Negotiable Instrument Law
- Non-Profit Organization Law
- O
- Oil & Gas Law
- P
- Partnerships & LLCs
- Patent Law
- Payment Systems Law
- Penal Law
- Personal Injury Law
- Pre-Law School Preparation
- Pre-Trial
- Privacy Law
- Probate Law
- Products Liability Law
- Professional Responsibility
- Property Law
-
R-Z
- R
- Real Estate Law
- Religion & Law
- Remedies Law
- S
- Sales & Leases of Goods
- Secured Transactions
- Securities Regulation
- Sexual Orientation Law
- Software Items
- Sports Law
- T
- Tax Law
- Technology Law
- Tort Law
- Toxic Tort Law
- Trade Law
- Trademark Law
- Travel Law
- Trial Advocacy
- Trusts
- Trusts Law
- U
- U.C.C.
- W
- White Collar Crime
- Wills
- Z
- Zoning Law
-
A-B
Search
Only $48.99 until FREE SHIPPING!
- Menu
- Account
-
Attorney
-
A-B
- A
- B
-
C-D
-
C
- Civil Law
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
-
C
-
E-F
- E
- F
-
G-J
- G
- H
- I
- J
-
L-M
- L
- M
-
N-P
- N
- O
- P
-
R-Z
- R
- S
- T
- U
- W
- Z
-
A-B
-
Do-It-Yourself Law
-
A-B
- A
- B
-
C-D
-
C
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
-
C
-
E-F
- E
- F
-
G-J
- G
- H
- I
- J
-
L-M
- L
- M
-
N-P
- N
- O
- P
-
R-Z
- R
- S
- T
- U
- W
- Z
-
A-B
-
Law Student
-
A-B
- A
- B
-
C-D
-
C
- Civil Law
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
-
C
-
E-F
- E
- F
-
G-J
- G
- H
- I
- J
-
L-M
- L
- M
-
N-P
- N
- O
- P
-
R-Z
- R
- S
- T
- U
- W
- Z
-
A-B
-
Paralegal
-
A-B
- A
- B
-
C-D
-
C
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
-
C
-
E-F
- E
- F
-
G-J
- G
- H
- I
- J
-
L-M
- L
- M
-
N-P
- N
- O
- P
-
R-Z
- R
- S
- T
- U
- W
- Z
-
A-B
-
Pre-Law Student
-
A-B
- A
- B
-
C-D
-
C
- Civil Procedure Law
- Civil Rights Law
- Class Action Law
- Commercial Law
- Commercial Paper
- Communications Law
- Community Property Law
- Comparative Law
- Conflict of Laws
- Constitutional Law
- Construction Law
- Consumer Law
- Contract Law
- Copyright Law
- Corporate Finance Law
- Corporate Tax Law
- Corporations Law
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Procedure
- D
-
C
-
E-F
- E
- F
-
G-J
- G
- H
- I
- J
-
L-M
- L
- M
-
N-P
- N
- O
- P
-
R-Z
- R
- S
- T
- U
- W
- Z
-
A-B
Order by phone 1-866-808-5635 (M-F 9am-5pm CST)
Crime in the Art and Antiquities World (Instant Digital Access Code Only)
- Edition : 1st, 2011
- Author(s) : Stefano Manacorda
Log in or create an account to get 208 LawReward points on this purchase!
-
Crime in the Art and Antiquities World (Instant Digital Access Code Only)
- ISBN: 9781441979452
- SKU: 259455V
- Format: VitalSource eBook/PDF
- Instant Access!
The theft, trafficking, and falsification of cultural property and cultural heritage objects are crimes of a particularly complex nature, which often have international ramifications and significant economic consequences. Organized criminal groups of various types and origins are involved in these illegal acts. The book Crime in the Art and Antiquities World has contributions both from researchers specializing in the illegal trafficking of art, and representatives of international institutions involved with prevention and detection of cultural property-related crimes, such as Interpol and UNESCO. This work is a unique and useful reference for scholars and private and public bodies alike. This innovative volume also includes an Appendix of the existing legal texts, i.e. international treaties, conventions, and resolutions, which have not previously been available in a single volume. As anyone who has undertaken research or study relating to the protection of cultural heritage discovers one of the frustrations encountered is the absence of ready access to the multi- various international instruments which exist in the field. Since the end of the Second World War these instruments have proliferated, first in response to increasing recognition of the need for concerted multinational action to give better protection to cultural property during armed conflict as well as ensuring the repatriation of cultural property looted during such conflict. Thus the international community agreed in 1954 upon a Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. That Convention, typically referred to as the Hague Convention of 1954, is now to be found reproduced in the Appendix to this book (Appendix I) together with 25 other important and diverse documents that we believe represent a core of the essential international sources of reference in this subject area. In presenting these documents in one place we hope that readers will now experience less frustration while having the benefit of supplementing their understanding and interpretation of the various instruments by referring to individual chapters in the book dealing with a particular issue or topic. For example, Chapter 9 by Mathew Bogdanos provides some specific and at times rather depressing descriptions of the application in the field of the Hague Convention 1954, and its Protocols (Appendices II and III), to the armed conflict in Iraq. Reference may also be had to the resolution of the UN Security Council in May 2003 (Appendix VI) urging Member States to take appropriate steps to facilitate the safe return of looted Iraqi cultural property taken from the Iraq National Museum, the National Library and other locations in Iraq. Despite such pleas the international antiquities market seems to have continued to trade such looted property in a largely unfettered manner, as demonstrated by Neil Brodie in Chapter 7. Fittingly, as referred to in the Preface to this book, the last document contained in the Appendix (Appendix 26) is the “Charter of Courmayeur”, formulated at a ground breaking international workshop on the protection of cultural property conducted by the International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council (ISPAC) to the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program in Courmayeur, Italy, in June 1992. The Charter makes mention of many of the instruments contained in the Appendix while also foreshadowing many of the developments which have taken place in the ensuing two decades designed to combat illicit trafficking in cultural property through international collaboration and action in the arena of crime prevention and criminal justice.